ABSTRACT
Background: Stress may affect the sense of wellbeing and academic achievement of university students. Aim: To assess the relationship of academic engagement and burnout with academic achievement among first year medical students. Material and Methods: The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student and Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS) were applied to 277 first year medical students of four universities. Their results were correlated with the grades obtained in the different courses. Results: Moderately high engagement and low burnout levels were detected. There was a high level of satisfaction with studies and a moderate exhaustion level. Academic achievement was associated with the degree of engagement with studies but not with burnout. Conglomerate analysis detected a group of students with high levels of wellbeing, characterized by high levels of academic engagement and low burnout. Other group had moderate levels of engagement and lack of personal fulfilment. Other group, identified as extenuated, had high levels of personal exhaustion and depersonalization. Finally the disassociated group had a low academic engagement, low emotional exhaustion, high levels of depersonalization and lack of personal fulfillment. Conclusions: Academic achievement is associated with the level of engagement with studies but not with burnout.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Educational Status , Students, Medical/psychology , Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Job Satisfaction , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , UniversitiesABSTRACT
Background: The entry to a University requires an adaptation process that not all students solve with the same kind of success. Even though students social adaptation and emotional skills are essential, the educational environmental that they perceive has a significant influence in their academic life. Aim: To describe the changes in the perception about academic environment that medical students experience during the first three years of undergraduate career. Material and Methods: The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) scale was applied to 525 first to third year medical students and an exploratory factorial analysis was made. Results: Four factors were identified: Academic Perception: academic quality that students attribute to the process in which they take part, as well as to the assessment that they do of their learning outcomes (coefficient ± = 0.85); Academic Experience: refers to positive emotions that students experience during the career such as confidence, pleasure and energy (coefficient ± = 0.76); Atmosphere Perception, comfort and calm that students experiment during their academic activities (coefficient ± = 0.79); Teachers Perception: the perception that students have of teachers about their interest and disposition towards students (coefficient ± = 0.50). Conclusions: The assessment of academic environment quality is inversely associated with the lapse that the students have spent in their undergraduate careers.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: En los últimos años han aparecido nuevos métodos para medir la temperatura en niños, como el termómetro digital ótico. Siendo este un método más rápido para medir la temperatura y por lo tanto ideal para el servicio de urgencias, es necesario conocer su confiabilidad. Objetivo: Comparar los valores de temperatura corporal que entrega el termómetro ótico digital con los termómetros de mercurio axilar y rectal. Pacientes y Método: Se efectuó la medición de la temperatura en 50 pacientes menores de 5 años elegidos al azar, que consultaron en el Servicio de Urgencia del Hospital de Niños y Cunas de Viña del Mar. Se les midió la temperatura con un termómetro digital ótico al lado izquierdo y derecho, y las temperaturas axilar derecha y rectal con termómetros de mercurio. EL análisis de los resultados se efectuó en el grupo estudiado, separado en dos grupos, menores y mayores de 6 meses. Resultados: Los resultados entre ambos subgrupos fueron los mismos. La temperatura media rectal obtenida fue 0,414°C más alta que la media ótica derecha (p < 0,001) y 0,438°C más alta que la temperatura media ótica izquierda (p < 0,001). Conclusión: El termómetro ótico digital entrega una temperatura significativamente más baja que la que entregan los termómetros de mercurio axilar y rectal.
Background: In recent years, otic thermometers to measure body temperature in children have become increasingly popular as they reflect changes in body temperature sooner than other thermometers. The have become valuable assets in hospital emergency rooms; however, their accuracy and reliability need further studies. Objective: To compare corporal temperature readings between an otic thermometer and mercury axillary and rectal thermometers. Patients and Method: 50 patients under the age of 5, who were treated at the emergency room of our hospital, were randomly chosen to participate in this study. Temperature was measured on their right and left ears using an otic thermometer, and their rectal and right axillary temperature was taken using mercury thermometers. Patients were separated into 2 subgroups for comparison, children under and over 6 months old. Results: The results between the 2 subgroups were very similar. The average temperature obtained by rectal thermometers was 0.414°C higher than the average right-ear temperature (p < 0.001) and 0.438°c higher than the average left-ear temperature (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The otic thermometer's reading is significantly lower than the one obtained using mercury rectal and axillary thermometers.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Body Temperature , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Thermometers , Age Factors , Axilla , Fever , Hospitals, Pediatric , RectumABSTRACT
La Anorexia Nerviosa (AN), trastorno del hábito del comer que afecta casi exclusivamente a la mujer, también ha sido descrita en el hombre, aunque su frecuencia representa sólo el 5% al 10% de todos los casos. Sin embargo, se ha podido apreciar que su incidencia, al igual que la de la mujer, ha experimentado un notorio aumento, especialmente desde las dos últimas décadas. En el presente artículo, se efectúa un análisis exhaustivo del desorden en ambos sexos, describiendo la historia de un joven anoréctico a modo de ilustración, sugiriéndose finalmente algunos factores que estarían plasmando el cuadro sindromático de la AN masculina, como otra psicopatología más de nuestro existir contemporáneo
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Anorexia/psychologyABSTRACT
Se midieron las concentraciones séricas de colesterol y triglicéridos en 152 adolescentes (53 varones y 99 mujeres) que acudieron a control de salud al Consultorio Integral de Adolescentes Valparaíso. Las concentraciones de colesterol total fluctuaron entre 120 mg/dl (percentil 10) y 220 mg/dl (percentil 90) y 20,4%estaban sobre 200 mg/dl. Las de triglicéridos fluctuaron entre 57 mg/dl (percentil 10) y 161 mg/dl (percentil 90) siendo 11,9%mayores que 150 mg/dl. Sólo se encontró una tendencia a la asociación entre concentraciones de colesterol total y desarrollo mamario, en cambio se encontró asociación clara entre colesterol e índice de masa corporal (p < 0,01) y antecedente familiar de enfermedad coronaria (p < 0,02)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Male , Female , Cholesterol/blood , Puberty/blood , Triglycerides/blood , Body Mass Index , Cholesterol/genetics , Puberty , Triglycerides/geneticsABSTRACT
En 320 preescolares divididos en dos grupos según edad (2 y 3 años, 4 y 5 años), se practicó - en dos muestras seriadas de orina - recuento total y de bacterias Gram negativas, como parte de un programa tendiente a medir la prevalencia de bacteriuria y la influencia de la edad, sexo y condición socioecocncómica sobre ella. En el grupo de 4 y 5 años, la prevalencia de bacteriuria fue similar a la encontrada en niñas de 6 a 15 años. Los recuentos bacterianos > ou = 10**5 fueron más frecuentes en el sexo femenino, no observándose influencia de la condición socioeconómica. Contrariamente, en las niñas de 2 y 3 años y de situación socioeconómica baja, se presentó mayor prevalencia de bacteriuria verdadera. Estos últimos resultados se contraponen con los obtenidos en estudios epidemiológicos anteriores